US v. Milheiser - 9th Circuit Wire Fraud Decision

The 9th Circuit last week released its opinion in United States v. Milheiser, 16-CR-00076, in which the Court overturned six convictions of defendants who had been convicted of mail fraud and conspiracy to commit mail fraud arising from the defendants’ sales companies’ aggressive tactics in selling printer toner. The 9th Circuit adopted the “benefit of the bargain” theory of wire fraud, under which individuals cannot be convicted of wire fraud if the alleged victims received the “benefit of the bargain,” even if they were induced to make a purchase through misrepresentations.

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Securities, white-collar defense, SEC, Federal Fraud laws Constantine Economides Securities, white-collar defense, SEC, Federal Fraud laws Constantine Economides

Should the Securities Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Have the Same “Materiality” Standard?

Prosecutors frequently argue that 18 USC 1348 (Title 18 securities fraud) has a lower materiality standard than Title 15 securities fraud (10b-5). This blog post argues that there is little reason for courts to impose a lower materiality standard for the same conduct.

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Dynamis Secures Dismissal of the Indictment in the “Atlas Trading” Stock Fraud Case Under Ciminelli v. US

Dynamis attorneys secured the dismissal of the Indictment in the "Atlas Trading" securities fraud case in the Southern District of Texas. Dynamis attorneys drafted the briefs and led the fight to obtain dismissal of the Indictment.

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Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, white-collar defense Constantine Economides Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, white-collar defense Constantine Economides

Security Today, Non-Security Tomorrow: Have Recent Crypto Decisions Under the Howey Test Created Unworkable Standards?

For years, courts viewed the “Howey” test as clear guidance as to whether a particular asset or investment was a security. Now, recent inconsistent decisions, particularly in the crypto space, have questioned that clear guidance. The effect is a rekindling the debate as to whether the term “investment contract” is void for vagueness because it fails to give people and businesses a reasonable answer as to what is or is not a security.

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Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, Constitution Constantine Economides Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, Constitution Constantine Economides

Is It Time to Re-Assess Whether the Term “Investment Contract” in the Securities Act and Exchange Act is Unconstitutionally Vague?

For years, courts viewed the “Howey” test as clear guidance as to whether a particular asset or investment was a security. Now, recent inconsistent decisions, particularly in the crypto space, have questioned that clear guidance. The effect is a rekindling the debate as to whether the term “investment contract” is void for vagueness because it fails to give people and businesses a reasonable answer as to what is or is not a security.

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